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17 August 2023, New Delhi
MSF South Asia’s inaugural Health and Humanity Summit brought together leaders, practitioners, and academics to foster discussions, incite collaboration and seek out solutions to complex humanitarian and public health issues in an ever-changing world. Over 300 attendees were present, weaving through panel discussions and accompanying art exhibits, with dynamic exchanges and collaborations taking place in between.
Upon opening the ceremony, MSF South Asia Director of Communications, Sana Bég, highlighted the need to translate every discussion and innovation stemming from this summit to the communities at the heart of the issues. In her opening remarks, Dr Farhat Mantoo, MSF South Asia Executive Director, brought this point home by telling the story of one of the first patients to receive anti-retroviral drugs in an MSF project – his access to medicine, he said, ensured that he was still here today. He now works as an MSF Peer Counselor in Malawi.
The Keynote speaker for this event was renowned journalist P. Sainath. In his speech, he highlighted stories from the COVID-19 pandemic, which provided a “brilliant, but scathing autopsy of our society” bringing into sharp relief the impact of social determinants of health on people. Health, he said, should be seen as mental and social well-being which requires action in many different sectors, including on a social and economic level. He ended with a call to the audience: “maybe you can do something about it.”
The first panel session, moderated by journalist Vidya Krishnan, brought together a panel of experts to explore the theme of migration and People Forced from Home. The panel sought to re-think the so-called “refugee crisis”, speaking to the urgency of re-humanizing people on the move, creating pathways for legal protection, resettlement, and more comprehensive mobility laws. As emergencies unfold into protracted crises, we experience an “unwanted familiarity of displacement”, one which beckons new people-centered solutions.
In the second panel, access to healthcare was on the agenda, with MSF Access Campaign lead Leena Menghaney leading the discussion. The panelists dissected how COVID shaped justice and access to treatments, as privatization of healthcare and vaccine hoarding failed to protect people around the world, and the need for transformative change in healthcare. Panelists spoke on new pandemic treaties and the need to share technology and resources, strengthen infrastructure, public health systems, and distill collective learning from the pandemic, asking the question: can we meaningfully learn from COVID-19 and expand the way we respond to future crises?
Discussions then moved to the theme of security threats in the humanitarian space, moderated by MSF’s Dr Maria Guevara. Panelists reflected on various threats impacting health and human rights, such as the securitization of health, restrictions on movement, violence on aid workers, new epidemics and outbreaks, and “slow burn problems” such as climate change. They addressed the relationship between human health, human rights and planetary health and the need for collaboration: “we need to do something together, and we need to do it right.”
The final panel brought the issue of mis/disinformation to center stage, moderated by MSF’s Disinformation Advisor, Divya Pushkarna. The panel delved into the threat of mis/disinformation and the psychology of crises which create “perfect storms” for mis/disinformation to spread, further reinforcing social cleavages and biases. The emergence of AI was also discussed, both in terms of threats and opportunities: “AI is a tool with no guard rails; human made AI and we are fallible, therefore AI is fallible.”
Beyond these discussions, highlights of the summit included interactive art exhibits that echoed the issues discussed. MSF’s Health & Humanity exhibit centered stories of vulnerable people and communities in MSF projects and the causes of these vulnerabilities, as photographer Uğur Gallenkuş’s ‘Side by Side’ exhibit, in collaboration with MSF, highlighted stark contrasts in people’s lived experiences.
In the closing losing remarks, delivered by retired Indian diplomat Vijay Nambiar, the room was asked to turn to the future and seek solutions that aim to reduce risk and vulnerability, “working in harmony toward collective outcomes”. This focus on solutions and looking to the future was also reflected in a direct action, as MSF South Asia announced the launch of the “Humanitarianism in South Asia Initiative”, a network of universities and research centers aiming to co-create an interdisciplinary course on humanitarian studies in the region.
As the summit came to an end, the discussions were only beginning. The event fostered an environment where a wide array of leaders, experts, academics, and other actors from South Asia and beyond came together and aims to be a catalyst for change and opportunities to seek innovative solutions to both existing and new crises and challenges.
Speakers in order of appearance:
Panelists: Roshni Shanker (Migration and Asylum Project), Rezaul Karim (BRAC), Jolene Anthony Dass (MSF), Dr Parivelan K.M. (TISS), K.M. Gopakumar (Third World Network), Dr Brinelle D’Souza (TISS), Giten Khwairakpam (TREAT), Elizabeth Willets (Harvard), Benjamen Mason Meier, (University of North Carolina), Nishant Sirohi (Geneva Health Files), Tina Purnat (WHO), Osama Manzar (Digital Empowerment Foundation) Shalini Joshi (Khabar Lahariya)
Keynote speakers and moderators: Dr Farhat Mantoo (MSF South Asia Executive Director), P. Sainath (author, veteran journalist), Vidya Krishnan (journalist), Leena Menghaney (MSF Access Campaign), Dr Maria Guevara (MSF International Medical Secretary), Divya Pushkkarna (MSF Disinformation Advisor), Ambassador Vijay Nambiar (retired Indian diplomat)
Accessibility of medicines is a sensitive issue, and one that cannot be examined in isolation. Access to medicines is intrinsically linked with principles of equality, non-discrimination, and transparency. By using a rights-based model, MSF has worked towards achieving more equitable access to medicines for a variety of diseases, including viral hepatitis, diabetes, and drug-resistant tuberculosis.
A key part of the rights-based humanitarian response has been to address the need for affordable treatment, which requires funders and governments to scale up public health programmes. Through prioritizing improved funding, treatments, and diagnostics for diseases, civil society can effectively contribute towards lowering exorbitant drug prices, so that everyone is able to access humanitarian medical treatments, regardless of their background. In this context, it is imperative to recognize the importance of civil society collaborations and movements. Let’s join hands and work towards establishing a more equitable system of humanitarian healthcare.
South Asia is grappling with a wide range of humanitarian issues, from natural disasters to socio-political discord. Recent events in the region illustrate the varied responses and challenges to fostering solidarity in the regional landscape. During the Nepal earthquake in 2015, an outpour of regional response from the neighboring countries was witnessed; in contrast, the limited cooperation to the increasing displacement of Rohingya populations in Bangladesh showcased the tepid and selective nature of regional solidarity.
Despite sharing borders and historical ties, the response to humanitarian catastrophes has been largely fragmented in South Asia, reflecting complex geopolitical dynamics. These events underscore the need for a paradigm shift towards genuine regional solidarity and collective action.
Conventional humanitarian aid structures, often spearheaded by the Global North, usually fail to address the diverse populace of South Asia. Nevertheless, gradual shifts have seen regional players taking a more proactive role, signaling a potential reconfiguration of the humanitarian ecosystem in South Asia. In this context, it is imperative to reemphasize the need for greater cooperation in regional policies, so that tangible actions can swiftly be taken in times of crisis.
Women and girls on the move face critical health challenges. Their access to life-saving medical care is often limited due to violence, financial constraints, or insecurity. Lacking access to family planning services, they are at an increased risk of sexual violence, STIs, unwanted pregnancies, and unsafe abortions.
Whether they are refugees, migrants, asylum seekers, internally displaced, or fleeing conflict or persecution, they are often exposed to various forms of trauma. These traumatic experiences can have profound and lasting effects on their mental health. The stigma surrounding mental health issues can prevent women on the move from accessing the support they need.
Whether it is the Rohingya women in Myanmar, Bangladesh, and Malaysia, the millions of internally displaced women and girls struggling in Afghanistan, or the women on their migration route through Latin America, they all require gender-sensitive strategies to ensure an effective response to their specific health needs.
Civil society, human rights activists, and humanitarian organizations across South Asia are facing an increasing variety of challenges. In regions including Bangladesh, India, and Afghanistan, there have been notable restrictions on freedoms. Human rights groups from the region note over 600 instances of enforced disappearances since 2009. In Bangladesh, during election periods, there have been reported instances of severe restrictions being placed on dissenting voices. In India, numerous NGOs face operational challenges due to perceived national security threats, leading to a withdrawal of licenses. Meanwhile, in Afghanistan, women advocating for human rights consistently encounter various threats and obstacles.
The Asia-Pacific region has seen a restrictive trend in civic freedoms, with numerous governments limiting public space and rights, according to the Civicus Monitor. In light of this, there is an urgent need for collaborative international efforts to address these restrictions on civic freedoms. It is vital for governments and global leaders to engage actively in expanding and protecting civic spaces.